Современные проблемы интеллектуальных систем. Республиканская научно-практическая конференция. Джизак, 18-19 апреля 2025 г.
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INTRODUCTION TO THE PYTHON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
Rizayeva Bahoroy Jahongir qizi
Karshi state university, applied mathematics department, 2nd year student
Annotation:
This article covers the basic concepts of the Python programming language in
a simple and understandable way. The article explains the capabilities, syntax, and practical uses
of the Python language for new users with consistent and clear examples. The article also provides
information about Python’s "pythonic" - that is, its unique and recommended writing style. The
material is intended for students, students, and independent learners who are just starting out in
programming.
Keywords:
Python, Arithmetic Operations in Python, NumPy
,
Ins, talling Python,
TensorFlow
,
Math Library, math.sqrt(x), math.pow(x,y), import, sympy library, Web
Development, Exponents
.
ВВЕДЕНИЕ В ЯЗЫК ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЯ PYTHON
Аннотация:
В этой статье простым и понятным языком рассматриваются основные
концепции языка программирования Python. В статье объясняются возможности, синтаксис
и практическое использование языка Python для новых пользователей с последовательными
и понятными примерами. В статье также приводится информация о "питоновском" Python
- то есть его уникальном и рекомендуемом стиле письма. Материал предназначен для
студентов, учащихся и самостоятельных учащихся, которые только начинают изучать
программирование.
Ключевые слова:
Python, арифметические операции в Python, NumPy, Ins, talling
Python, TensorFlow, математическая библиотека, math.sqrt(x), math.pow(x,y), импорт,
библиотека sympy, веб-разработка, экспоненты.
PYUTON DASTURLASH TILIGA KIRISH
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqola Python dasturlash tilining asosiy tushunchalarini sodda va
tushunarli tarzda yoritadi. Maqolada yangi foydalanuvchilar uchun Python tilining imkoniyatlari,
sintaksisi va amaliy qo‘llanilishi izchil va aniq misollar bilan tushuntiriladi. Maqolada Pythonning
“pythonic” – ya’ni o‘ziga xos va tavsiya etilgan yozish uslubi haqida ham ma’lumot berilgan.
Material talabalar, talabalar va dasturlashni endigina boshlayotgan mustaqil o‘quvchilar uchun
mo‘ljallangan.
Kalit so‘zlar:
Python, Pythonda arifmetik amallar, NumPy, Ins, talling Python, TensorFlow,
Math Library, math.sqrt(x), math.pow(x,y), import, simpy kutubxonasi, Web Development,
Exponents.
Python is a powerful and versatile programming language with a simple syntax. Created by
Guido van Rossum in 1991, it is widely used today in artificial intelligence, web development,
data analysis, and automation. One of Python’s greatest advantages is its ease of learning and its
extensive library support.
Python’s syntax is very close to human language, making it easy for beginners to grasp.
Additionally, its readability speeds up the development process.
Python offers a vast collection of libraries for various domains:
NumPy, Pandas
— for data analysis
Современные проблемы интеллектуальных систем. Республиканская научно-практическая конференция. Джизак, 18-19 апреля 2025 г.
16
TensorFlow, PyTorch
— for artificial intelligence and machine learning
Django, Flask
— for web development
Pygame
— for game development
OpenCV
— for image processing
Artificial Intelligence and Data Analysis: Python is the leading language for machine
learning, deep learning, and data analysis. Libraries like TensorFlow and Scikit-learn enable the
development of AI models.
Web Development: Frameworks such as Django and Flask make Python efficient for
building dynamic and secure web applications.
Automation and Scripting: Python allows for the automation of system processes and routine
tasks such as file management, data collection, and email automation.
Guide for Beginners
1. Installing Python:
Python can be downloaded from the official website
) and installed on a computer. Additionally, tools like Jupyter Notebook
and VS Code make coding more convenient.
2. Writing Your First Program
A simple way to start programming in Python is with the following code:
print("Hello, World!")
This code outputs "Hello, World!" to the screen.
3. Basic Concepts
3.1. What is a Variable?
A variable is a named container that temporarily stores data. It can hold numbers, text, lists,
or other types of data. In Python, declaring a variable does not require a specific keyword—just
assign a value to a name:
name = "Ali"
age = 16
3.2. Rules for Naming Variables
Variable names should be chosen according to the following guidelines:
Must start with a letter or an underscore (_)
Can contain only letters, numbers, and underscores
Are case-sensitive (e.g., name and Name are different)
Cannot be a Python keyword (e.g., if, else, for)
Correct examples:
name = "Laylo"
phone_number = "998901234567"
Incorrect examples:
2name = "Ali" # Cannot start with a number
for = 5 # Cannot use a keyword
3.3. Basic Data Types
The most common data types in Python include:
name = "Shahzoda" # str
age = 20 # int
grade = 4.5 # float
is_student = True # bool
3.4. Using the type() Function to Check Data Type
print(type(name)) # <class ‘str’>
print(type(age)) # <class ‘int’>
Современные проблемы интеллектуальных систем. Республиканская научно-практическая конференция. Джизак, 18-19 апреля 2025 г.
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3.5. Assigning Values to Multiple Variables
x, y, z = 5, 10, 15
print(x, y, z)
3.6. Updating Variable Values
A variable’s value can be updated at any time:
age = 17
age = age + 1
print(age) # 18
Or using a shorter syntax:
age += 1
4.Arithmetic Operations in Python :
Python supports basic arithmetic operations, making
it easy to perform mathematical calculations. The main arithmetic operators include:
4.1. Basic Arithmetic Operators
Operator Description
Example Output
+
Addition
5 + 3
8
-
Subtraction
10 - 4
6
*
Multiplication
6 * 7
42
/
Division
15 / 3
5.0
//
Floor Division
17 // 4
4
%
Modulus (Remainder)
17 % 4
1
**
Exponentiation
2 ** 3
8
4.2. Using Arithmetic Operators in Python
# Addition
sum_result = 10 + 5
print("Sum:", sum_result) # Output: 15
# Subtraction
diff_result = 20 - 8
print("Difference:", diff_result) # Output: 12
# Multiplication
product_result = 4 * 7
print("Product:", product_result) # Output: 28
# Division
div_result = 16 / 4
print("Division:", div_result) # Output: 4.0
# Floor Division
floor_div_result = 17 // 4
print("Floor Division:", floor_div_result) # Output: 4
# Modulus (Remainder)
mod_result = 17 % 4
print("Remainder:", mod_result) # Output: 1
# Exponentiation
exp_result = 2 ** 3
print("Exponentiation:", exp_result) # Output: 8
3. Order of Operations (PEMDAS Rule)
Python follows the standard mathematical precedence:
Современные проблемы интеллектуальных систем. Республиканская научно-практическая конференция. Джизак, 18-19 апреля 2025 г.
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Parentheses ()
Exponents **
Multiplication *, Division /, Floor Division //, Modulus %
(left to right)
Addition +, Subtraction -
(left to right)
Example:
result = 5 + 2 * 3 ** 2 - (8 // 4)
print(result) # Output: 18
This follows:
3 ** 2 → 9
2 * 9 → 18
8 // 4 → 2
5 + 18 - 2 → 18
Using parentheses helps clarify calculations:
result = (5 + 2) * (3 ** 2) - (8 // 4)
print(result) # Output: 61
5.Working with Math Libraries in Python
Python provides built-in and third-party libraries to handle advanced mathematical
operations efficiently. The most commonly used libraries include math, numpy, and sympy.
5.1. The math Module
The math module in Python provides various mathematical functions such as trigonometry,
logarithms, and advanced arithmetic.
Importing the math Module
import math
Common Functions in the math Module
Function
Description
Example
Output
math.sqrt(x)
Square root of x
math.sqrt(25)
5.0
math.pow(x,y)
x raised to the power y
math.pow(2, 3)
8.0
math.factorial(x) Factorial of x
math.factorial(5)
120
math.log(x)
Natural logarithm (base e)
math.log(10)
2.302
math.log10(x)
Logarithm base 10
math.log10(100)
2.0
math.sin(x)
Sine of x (radians)
math.sin(math.pi/2) 1.0
math.cos(x)
Cosine of x (radians)
math.cos(math.pi)
-1.0
math.pi
Value of π
math.pi
3.1415
math.e
Value of Euler’s number e math.e
2.718
Example Usage:
import math
num = 16
print("Square root:", math.sqrt(num)) # Output: 4.0
print("Factorial:", math.factorial(5)) # Output: 120
print("Log base 10:", math.log10(100)) # Output: 2.0
Современные проблемы интеллектуальных систем. Республиканская научно-практическая конференция. Джизак, 18-19 апреля 2025 г.
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5.2. The numpy Library
NumPy is a powerful library for numerical computations, commonly used in scientific and
engineering applications.
Installing NumPy:
pip install numpy
Using NumPy
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
print("Mean:", np.mean(arr)) # Output: 2.5
print("Standard Deviation:", np.std(arr)) # Output: 1.118
5.3. The sympy Library (For Symbolic Mathematics)
SymPy is used for symbolic mathematics, including algebraic manipulation and solving
equations.
Installing SymPy:
pip install sympy
Using SymPy
from sympy import symbols, solve
x = symbols(‘x’)
expr = x**2 - 4
solutions = solve(expr, x)
print("Solutions:", solutions) # Output: [-2, 2]
In conclusion, the Python programming language has become one of the most popular
programming languages today, thanks to its simplicity, readable syntax, and powerful capabilities.
This article covers the basics of Python in a simple and understandable way, providing essential
knowledge, especially for novice programmers. Python’s "pythonic" approach ensures that the
code is not only functional, but also understandable and aesthetically clean. Through this article,
students will increase their interest in programming and take a step closer to mastering Python
programming.
References
1. Lutz, M. (2013). Learning Python (5th ed.). O‘Reilly Media.
2. Sweigart, A. (2015). Automate the Boring Stuff with Python. No Starch Press.
3. Zelle, J. M. (2016). Python Programming: An Introduction to Computer Science (3rd ed.).
Franklin, Beedle & Associates.
4. Martelli, A., Ravenscroft, A., & Ascher, D. (2005). Python Cookbook (2nd ed.). O‘Reilly
Media.
5. Van Rossum, G., & Drake, F. L. (2009). The Python Language Reference Manual.
Network Theory Ltd.
6.Python
Software
Foundation.
(2024).
The
Python
Tutorial.
https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial
7. W3Schools. Python Tutorial. https://www.w3schools.com/python
8. Real Python. Python Basics and Guides. https://realpython.com.
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Jizzax shahridagi Qozon (Volgabo‘yi) federal universiteti filiali 4-kurs talabasi
